Place olive oil in a skillet over medium heat, add in ground sausage and cook until browned. Drain off excess fat, return to heat and add in onions and carrots, cook until onions sweat
transfer meat and veggies to the crock pot. Add in chicken broth, kale, lemon juice, garlic, bay leaf, crushed red peppers and stir to combine
Cook on low for 5 hours, add in pasta and cook for 1 additional hour
Season to taste with salt and pepper, serve with Parmesan cheese sprinkled on top